Histology:
The characteristic that is the most common result of rheumatoid arthritis is the erosion/destruction of joints. This result happens due to the increase in number of immune cells in the synovial membrane.Below are images that illustrate what rheumatoid arthritis looks like at a histological level.
Figure 1: The synovial lining in patients without proliferation of the lining vs. those with proliferation of the lining due to rheumatoid arthritis.
Figure 1: represents the synovial lining comparing between normal lining and the proliferation of the lining due to rheumatoid arthritis. E stands for patients with early rheumatoid arthritis while L stands for long-standing rheumatoid arthritis. In E-02 the "proliferation resulted in less than four layers and a diffuse infiltration of macrophages in the sub lining regions" (Tsubaki). E-07 shows a typical palisading structure of the intimal lining layer in the lining that was proliferated. E-12 shows "proliferation of the synovial lining more than five layers. It has a typical palisading structure with several non-foreign body type giant cells" (Tsubaki). There are lesions that make the proliferation of the blood vessels visible at the arteriole level. "This is associated with cell infiltrates composed of lymphocytes and plasma cells in the sub lining regions." (Tsubaki) There are foci resembling lymphoid follicles however, they lack germinal centers. If comparing E-12 with L-01, L-01 does have lymphoid follicles with germinal centers.
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